ABSTRACT
Application of arch bar is considered as a gold standard for intermaxillary fixation (IMF) in the management of mandibular fractures. Both the application and removal of arch bars can inflict pain for patients who require IMF. For removal of the arch bars, local anaesthesia (local infiltration or conduction block) is often indicated. The study aimed at comparing and validating the efficacy of topical lidocaine spray and benzocaine gel in patients undergoing removal of arch bars. METHODS30 subjects were included in this prospective randomized controlled trial. Maxillary arch was chosen as the test site. 10 patients (Group A) were anaesthetized in the upper gingiva with 15 % lidocaine spray and remaining 10 patients (Group B) were anaesthetized with 20 % benzocaine gel, following which removal of arch bar was done. 10 patients were included in the control group (Group C) where 2 % lignocaine infiltration was offered only on request. Visual analog scale and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale was used to measure the pain perceived by the patient during the procedure. RESULTSThe mean and standard deviation of the pain scores of Group A was 2.5 ± 0.70, Group B was 2.7 ± 0.67 and Control group was 5.5 ± 0.85. Both the test groups had a significant pain reduction when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONSTopical application of both 15 % lidocaine spray and 20 % benzocaine gel provided equally efficient analgesia and can be useful alternatives to conventional local anaesthetic infiltration during arch bar removal.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of dark plum mixture on rats with radiation-induced xerostomia, given by gastric gavage and oral spray. Methods Rat model of radiation-induced xerostomia were developed by electron linear accelerator. Wistar rats were randomly divided into spray group and gastric gavage group, and normal group, positive control group and normal control group were set up within these two groups. The dark plum mixture was administered for 14 days. After treated for 7 days and 14 days, saliva was collected and submandibular gland samples were collected. The salivary secretion, Sorgan index, component analysis and pathological changes of submaxillary glands between the groups were assessed. Results On the 7thday after irradiation, the saliva secretion and gland coefficient of the dark plum spray group were significantly higher than the positive control group and normal control group (P＜ 0. 05). The saliva secretion, gland coefficient and saliva amylase activity of the dark plum mixture spray group were significantly higher than the dark plum mixture gastric gavage group (P＜ 0. 05). On the 14th day after irradiation, the saliva secretion and gland coefficient of the oral spray group were significantly higher than the gastric gavage group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The pathological examination of submandibular gland tissues showed that 7 days after irradiation, there were less interglandular space and inflammatory cell infiltration in the oral spray group than the gastric gavage group. On the 14th day after irradiation, the ductal damage and cell nuclear pyknosis in the oral spray group were milder than the gastric gavage group. Vacuolated necrosis and nuclear pyknosis of some glandular cells were visible in the gastric gavage group 7 and 14 days after irradiation. Conclusions Compared with gastric gavage, the oral spray of dark plum mixture increases more saliva and salivary α-amylase secretion, effectively promote the repair of submandibular glandular cells after salivary gland irradiation, and indicates a better therapeutic effect on radiation-induced xerostomia.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:In recent years, based on high-throughput molecular imaging, integration of genomics, proteomics and computer aided design and the application of correlative “technical chains” have achieved great achievements in the research of breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer and melanin tumor. However, there are few researches on oral squamous cel carcinoma. OBJECTIVE:To detect the gene expression profile of the oral squamous cel carcinoma tissue and normal paracarcinoma tissue using DNA chip-based gene expression profile. METHODS:Two samples of oral squamous cel carcinoma tissue and normal paracarcinoma tissue of patients who received treatment at Stomatological Hospital of Guangdong Province of China in 2013 were included in this study. The gene expression profiles of oral squamous cel carcinoma and normal paracarcinoma tissue were determined by the Roche NimbleGen gene expression microarrays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to screening criteria of differential genes, 7 872 out of 32 448 detected genes were differentialy expressed genes of oral squamous cel carcinoma, which accounts for 24% of the total number of the screening genes. 3 800 genes were up-regulated, and 4 072 were down-regulated. The results confirm that through detection with the help of gene expression profile clip, 7 872 differentialy expressed genes were obtained through DNA chip-based gene expression profiles according to the screening criteria. Thus it can be concluded that the occurrence and development of the tumors are not a result of single or several genes. Previous experiments based on a single or several genes have great limitations. These findings also suggest that the occurrence of tumor is a result of mutual regulatory effects of many genes forming a network, moreover, the interactions of the network is quite complicated.